Gouache on paper, 36.3 x 24.8 in.

Private collection

In 19th century New York, things could get rough quickly. Gangs of immigrants from Ireland, Germany, England and Italy had taken over the role of police and state, since the latter was not in the least interested in what the poor were doing to the poor. Thus, the gang provided protection and a home. Often whole families were members. Gang feuds and gunfights were commonplace.